Revision As exam

Section B

• As well as digital helping 3D and cinemas, it also helps the movie itself. This is because movies can now have better sound and a better soundtrack, because of the change from analog to digital. This now means that it is easier to record the songs, meaning a better soundtrack. This is an example of convergence, as well as cross-media convergence such as having a soundtrack on a film.
• The increase in digital media means  companies like big talk productios can record films for a much cheaper cost, because they do not have to shoot on 35mm film. Doing this also means that they do not have to spend a lot of money on the distribution and getting the films to the cinema, because they now do not have to transfer over 100 film rolls costing £4k each.
• For the audiences, home entertainment is crucial in their daily life. Because of the increase in new figital media, it now means that they have a better viewing experience. For example, digital media includes HD and BluRay.
• As well as audiences being increased because of the newly developed digital media, it now makes it much easier for the people at home to make their own films. This is because digital cameras are now selling cheaply on the market rather than film roll cameras. This means the ordinary people and people of the audience can now shoot their own clips. As well as the hardware, digital software such as Final Cut Pro allow the audience to edit their films for a much cheaper price. And not only can they edit and shoot their own films, they can also distribute, advertise and show their films on different website such as Youtube, DailyMotion and advertise cheaply on their Facebook pages; and what we did with our own films was advertise and share them on each of our own blogs.
  
  Universal studios
  
• Film: Cowboys & Aliens
  D.O.R: 29th July 2011
  Budget: $163 million
  Gross Revenue: $171,240,551
  Distributor: Universal Studios
• Despite studio pressure to release the film in 3-D, Favreau chose to film traditionally and in anamorphic format (widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film) to further a "classic movie feel"

How a film is made

  How Does a Film Get Made?

1. Idea:
This is the foundation for any film. Someone gets an idea to what they think could develop into a successful, popular and selling film. It is important to understand the genre you want the film to be and establish the narrative and the main characters. In order to do that the creator can usually write a short pitch to outline the main details.
2. Pre Production:
Once the idea is there, the next thing to do is to express it. This can be done with a script and a storyboard. The script ofcourse does not need to be a final version, but at least a rough draft of it is very important to present, as this will make it easier to explain what it is about and make it clearer whether the film is actually worth making. The storyboard is also very important, as by trying to create drafts of different scenes, the creator of the film will be able to see for himself if his idea is realistic and quality material. If the drafts are seen as successful, the next step is to think about the best location for the film, the director, the cast members, the props, the costumes, the special effects and the visual effects. It is very important to find a good location for the film and see whether suitable sets can be constructed. When it comes to choosing the cast members, it is not cheap to choose someone famous, but in most of the cases it will pay off, as the people will be more likely to go and see the film. The props and the costumes also have to be found, as without them the film will be boring and they have to be picked according to the content of the film. The creator needs to be realistic about the effects when it comes to adapting the film, as in some cases not everything can be made the way it is firstly planned.
3. Funding:
This is part of pre production and has to be decided along with it. It is not very easy to sell an idea to someone if you are new to the film making industry. A famous director like Steven Spielberg will have no problem with getting someone to fund his idea, as he had a lot of experience and his films have proven to be successful. However if the creator is sure in his idea and has thought it through and picked a good cast, it is a possibility that someone will agree to fund it, in the hope of making back more money then it was originally put into the film. The decision on the funding will influence the final decisions on location and the cast, as it will be clear what can be afforded and what can not. At this stage the story rights of the film are also decided.
4. Production:
This is the actual filmmaking process-cinematography. This is recording and shooting the raw elements for the final film. This is a quite long process and it usually takes several months. The director is usually in charge of controlling the whole process and everyone has to listen to him. The reason that the process takes so long is because all the lighting and cameras have to be checked and ready, all of the cast needs to have hair and make up done and they need to put their costumes on and finally what is very improtant is to shoot different scenes several times, so in the next stage the best ones can be chosen; also they need to be shot from different angles, to then be edited.
5. Post Production:
This is the stage where the whole film is assembled and put together by the film editor. This also takes quite a lot of time, as several months worth of footage has to be cut down to usually the length of about two hours. The best looking scenes have to be chosen and put together, sound effects and soundtracks have to be added and special and visual effects also have to be implemented. The titles of the film and the credits at the end are also factors that get made and put into the film at the stage of post production.
6. Marketing and Distribution:
Once the film is completely ready, the next stage is to make it known. This can be done in different ways. A very common way is to have film premieres, which for very high budget films even happen in different locations around the world. This is the chance for the audience to see the cast of the film and it often makes them want to see it more. This is also the chance for the cast to get together and see the complete film for the first time. Then there are trailers, posters and stands, which would be displayed in the cinemas. Trailers and interviews with the stars will be on TV and Radio. Trailers and adverts will be posted on internet on websites such as "youtube." Finally merchandising will be made for the films with higher budget, which will attract the audience for the film and help make more profit.
7: Exhibition:
This is the final stage. This is when the film is released in the cinemas for all of the audience to see. There will be ratings ofcourse, which means that children for example would not be able to see restricted films that are only suitable for adults. After the film is shown in the cinemas roughly for about a time period of a month depending on the success; it is released on dvd and blue ray for the audience to purchase it and again bring more profit to the makers. Some films even have video games made after them, which also helps to bring profit.

Industry Research - Universal Studios

Universal Studios was founded  in 1912 by Carl Buttman. The parent company that owns them are NBC Universal. The parent company of NBC are comcast and general electric. Universal Studios uy the rights to distribute the films.


Films distributed by Universal Studios include :

Film: Johnny English Reborn
D.O.R: October 21st 2011
Budget: $45 million
Director/Stars: Oliver Parker/Rowan Atkinson - Dominic West - Gillian Anderson
Writers: /
Producers: Rowan Atkinson
Gross Revenue: $147,286,000
Distributor: Universal Studios

Film: Cowboys & Aliens
D.O.R: 29th July 2011
Budget: $163 million
Director/Stars: Jon Favreau/ Daniel Craig - Harrison Ford - Sam Rockwell - Paul Dano
Writers: Mark Fergus - Alex Kurtzman - Damon Lindelof - Roberto Orci - Hawk Ostby
Producers: Brian Grazer - Ron Howard - Ryan Kavanaugh (executive) - Alex Kurtzman - Damon Lindelof - Roberto Orci - Steven Spielberg (executive)
Gross Revenue: $171,240,551
Distributor: Universal Studios


Fast & Furious 5 
Release Date: 21 April 2011 (UK)
Director: Justin Lin
Writers: Chris Morgan and Gary Thompson
Stars: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker and Dwayne Johnson
Production Companies: Universal Studios, Original Film, One Race Productions
Budget: $125 million (estimated)
Gross Revenue: $209,805,005 (USA 7th August 2011)


Sanctum
Release Date: 4 February 2011 (UK)
Director: Alister Grierson
Writers: John Garvin, Andrew Wight 
Stars: Rhys Wakefield, Allison Cratchley and Christopher Baker
Production Companies: Universal Pictures, Relativity Media and Wayfare Entertainment
Budget: $30 million (estimated) 
Gross Revenue: $108,943,221 (Worldwide 19th October 2011)

Big talks productions

Big talks productions

-Film and television Production Company

-Established in 1995 by Nira Park in London

-October 2008, BBC worldwide bought 25% stake in big talk

-1^st television series in 1999 ‘spaced’ 

-Kenton Allen (joint CEO), Matthew justice (managing director), Simon Curtis (Executive producer)

Attack the block (2011)

-Directed by Joe Cornish

-written by Joe Cornish

-stars john Boyega, Jodie Whittaker and Alex Esmai;, Nick Frost , Luke Treadaway

-6.8 rating

-released may 13^th 2011

-Estimated budget $13,000,000

Gross $1,024,175 (as of 25^th September 2011)

-Distributed by optimum releasing

Paul (2011)

-Directed by Greg Mottola

-Written by Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, Seth Rogen

-7.1 RATING

-Estimated budget $40,000,000

-Gross revenue $37,371,385

-Distributed by Universal Studios

Scott Pilgrim is The World (2010)

-Directed by Edgar Wright

-Written by Michael Bacall, Edgar Wright

-stars Michael Cera, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Keiran culkin

-7.6 rating

-Estimated budget $60,000,000

-Gross Revenue $31,494,270 (as of October 2011)

-Distribution =Universal Studios

Hot Fuzz (2007)

-Directed by Edgar Wright

-Written by  Edgar Wright, Simon Pegg

-Stars Simon Pegg, Nick Frost, Martin Freeman

-7.9 rating

-Estimated budget $8,000,000

-Gross Revenue $23,618,786 (July 2007)

-Distributed Universal pictures

Shaun of the dead (2004)

-Directed by Edgar Wright

-Written by Simon peg, Edgar Wright

-stars Simon peg, Nick Frost and Kate Ashfield

-8.0 rating

-Estimated budget $4,000,000

-Gross Revenue

413,464,388

-Distribution= universal pictures

How mise en scene constructs the representation of age

The monarch of the glen clip starts with a group of men loading tools of hard labour into a truck. Their clothes suggest they are middle aged men who have been working for a long time. The men’s lack of enthusiasm shows their age too because perhaps a young, less experienced worker may be more excited.

The young girl claims she can drive and passed her test first time, however her body language when sat in the car suggests otherwise. She could not remember or didn’t know what a clutch and handbrake was and looked generally surprised when she started the car up. This shows how young she is because she’s not yet learnt to drive.

When the girl crashes her car her body language shows how shaken and nervous she is. She cowardly hides behind the older man she knows as if he was her father protecting her. Body language represents age in this scene because it shows how worried she is of being told off.

When the head teacher appears out of the car age is shown by the way he was dressed smart/casual whereas the younger characters were dressed more casually. When you think of a head teacher you assume he/she would dress very formal and the clothes he is in intend to make him look older to perhaps show his intelligence.

When the two males go in for a chat the room they are in is very old fashioned and very masculine. The oak tiles represent an old country side house thus not looking very modern. This shows that the two males have taken their conversation into a grown up room. Going into an older room adds more seriousness to the situation making the audience feel young and worried, like the 16 year old girl feels. The alcohol also shows that the room is not intended for children and creates a more grown up mood. Brandy is a very strong drink normally acquired by men rather than women therefore this drink gives the room a much more masculine vibe.

The young girl shows the audience her true age in the situation where she didn’t get her way and was asked to leave. “I hate you!” was what she said to the man, who up until now she didn’t get her way was very happy with. This is usually the sort of language children acquire and use in situations when they have lost control with their emotions. Her body language of her running off into her room and slamming the door showed anger and frustration.

How sound helps to construct the representation of disability

At the beginning of the clip there is no real sound track it just goes straight into dialogue. The reason for having no sound track is because this could make the situation look less awkward than the program wants it to look, therefore at the beginning all the audience hears is dialogue.The dialogue between the three characters is usually unfinished because the subjects they are talking about are to awkward to talk about for long.

The sound of the locking of the door has been enhanced to show the audience how insecure the boy is about having the door locked. The opera music being played from the car is diegetic and is the opposite to how the dad is feeling. The music is a fast happy beat, but the dad is feeling anxious and not so happy. It reminds the audience of how the dad is feeling about his sons disability and the situation he is in in the flat.

The sound bridge between the non diagetic sound track played from the scene of the dad in his van over to the lad in the bedroom with the girl helps create a mood of seduction. When he mentions hes never been touched like that, the music playing makes you feel sympathy towards him. when the sound track is playing when the dad is in the van it too makes you feel sympathy for him and his sons disability. The harmonica is being used to play this sound track as it makes the scene seem sad and gives the clip a much slower pace.

Editing - construct the representation of disability

Transitioning from the woman to the disabled boy then up to his father helps make the audience feel the awkwardness between the three. Showing all the charectors faces separately emphasizes the awkwardness they are experiencing around the young boys disability.

Match on action is used when the father picks his son up out of his wheelchair, this makes the action look more realistic, a seem-less action that draws the audience into noticing that the young boy has genuine problems with standing up.

continuity editing is used throughout the clip to keep the clip smooth running and easy for the audience to establish how awkward the situation is because of the mans disability.

The eye line match from when the shot is of the  boy sitting in bed too the girl locking the door emphasizes to the audience the boys sense of insecurity and worry. If the boy was not disabled he would perhaps not be this cautious and the woman would not have felt as awkward about locking her door.

Shot reverse shot is used in this clip because it shows how fast the pace is between the two characters and it makes the audience feel like the two characters are trying to respond quickly to clear the awkward silence that there has been around the boys disability.

The cross cutting between the boy in bed and his dad in his van represents the boys disability because it is showing how nervous his dad is because of it. Without this cross cut the audience may not be aware of why the dad is so fidgety  for because it could look like a different situation in the clip, but it shows that the two are linked.

The use of the series of jump shots speeds the clip up of the father sitting in his van and shows the actions he has performed in that time, from playing the radio, to playing with the windows and honking the horn. This again shows how nervous he is about his son not being in his comfort zone and having someone else look after  his son and his disability.